Comprehensive technical plan for Soybean Planting and fertilization
High-yield optimization strategy based on literature research and field practice
NO.1 Introduction
As an important global oil and protein crop, soybean’s yield and quality are affected by many factors such as soil fertility, nutrient management, and disease control.This plan integrates the research results of international journals and domestic agricultural technology promotion experience, combines the characteristics of fertilizer factories’ self-developed products, and proposes a set of technical systems covering base fertilizer, top fertilizer and ecological synergy, with the goal of increasing soybean yield by 20%-50% and improving soil health.
NO.2 the characteristics of soybean fertilizer demand and the principle of scientific fertilization
- **Nitrogen management**
-**Synergistic nitrogen fixation of Rhizobium**: The nitrogen fixation of soybean rhizobium accounts for 40%-70% of the total nitrogen demand. Appropriate nitrogen application (pure nitrogen ≤75 kg/ha) in the seedling stage can promote the development of rhizobium, while excessive nitrogen fixation efficiency is inhibited.It is recommended to use **884 standard bio-organic fertilizer 3-4 tons/ha** for base fertilizer (containing humic acid ≥45%, effective bacteria ≥200 million/g), combined with **30-10-10 water-soluble fertilizer powder 150 kg/ha** (containing zinc and boron) to improve the efficiency of early nitrogen utilization.
-**Top dressing optimization**: Foliar spraying during flowering**Fish protein amino acid liquid fertilizer**(N:K:Ca:Mg=5:5:3:2）， Dilute 500 times and spray 200 L per ha, which can extend the leaf function period and increase production by 10%-20%.
- **Phosphorus and potassium synergistic effect**
-**The core role of phosphate fertilizer**: Phosphorus promotes rhizoma formation and grain fat accumulation.It is recommended to apply basal fertilizer**18-18-18 water-soluble fertilizer powder 200 kg/ha** (containing molybdenum and zinc), or calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer (acidic soil) 300 kg/ha, combined with organic fertilizer ditch application, the increase in production is 10%-50%.
-**Potassium fertilizer resistance regulation**: Potassium-deficient soils (Olsen-K<100 mg/kg) need to be supplemented with **Potassium humate 100 kg/ha** or potassium chloride 80 kg/ha, which can reduce yellowing, enhance drought resistance, and increase grain fat content by 2%-3%.
- **Trace elements and biological agents**
-**Key supplements of molybdenum and boron**: Mix seeds with **5% ammonium molybdenum solution** (2 g/kg seeds) before sowing, and spray **boron-containing liquid fertilizer** (0.1% concentration) during the flowering period to increase the podding rate by 15%-20%.
-**Anti-heavy stubble microbial agent**: Apply **Anti-root knot nematode-type agent** (Penicillium lilac + Penicillium Houyuan) before colonization of continuous cropping plots to reduce the incidence of root rot by 40% and simultaneously improve the effectiveness of soil phosphorus.
NO.3 Fertilization scheme design and product portfolio
- **Basal fertilizer solution**
-**Organic-inorganic synergy**: Apply 3 tons of **884 bio-organic fertilizer**+**calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer 300 kg**+**potassium humate 80 kg** per ha, and plow deeply for 25 cm to improve soil organic matter to 3%-4%.
-**Seed fertilizer matching**: When sowing, apply **10-40-10 water-soluble fertilizer powder 50 kg/ha** (containing molybdenum and zinc) to promote the root system development of seedlings and reduce the risk of seed fertilizer burning seedlings.
- **Top dressing strategy**
-**Seedling stage (V3-V6 stage)**: Spray **rooting microbial agent** (containing Bacillus subtilis) 200 times liquid, combined with **21-21-21 water-soluble fertilizer powder 100 kg/ha**, the number of tillers increased by 30%.
-**Pod stage (R1-R4 stage)**: Foliar spraying**liquid fertilizer containing amino acid calcium and magnesium** (diluted 800 times)+**0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate**, once every 10 days, reduce the pod falling rate by 15%.
- **Disease prevention and control and nutrition synergy**
-**Root rot prevention and treatment**: Root irrigation in the early stages of the disease**Anti-stubble type bacteria** (Bacillus siam 20-8 strain), the disease index decreased by 46%.
-**Comprehensive foliar nutrition**: Spraying during the podding period** contains humic acid foliar fertilizer** (pH 5.5-6.5) to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and increase the protein content of the grains to 45%.
NO.4 Regional adaptability adjustment and benefit assessment
- **Northeast Black Soil Area**
-**Optimization of rice and bean crop rotation**: After the former stubble corn stalks are returned to the field, the base fertilizer is reduced by 30%, and the anti-root rot agent is increased, and the yield of soybeans is stable at 3.5-4 tons/ha.
- **Huanghuaihai Plain**
-**Water and fertilizer integration**: Drip irrigation system is used, and basal fertilizer is applied **10-5-45 high potassium water-soluble fertilizer** (200 kg/ha), with a grain fat content of 20%, which meets the standards of high-oil varieties.
- **Southern acidic red soil**
-**Synergistic effect of phosphate ore powder**: 500 kg (pH<6.5) of phosphate ore powder is applied per ha, combined with **humic acid organic fertilizer**, the effective phosphorus of the soil is increased by 30%, and the yield of stubble crops is increased by 15%.
NO.5 Economic and ecological benefits
- **Increase in production**: The comprehensive plan can increase the output from 2.5 tons/ha to 3.8-4.5 tons/ha, and the test field can increase production by up to 50%.
- **Soil restoration**: The application of bio-organic fertilizer for 3 consecutive years has reduced the soil bulk weight by 12% and increased the microbial diversity index by 25%.
- **Carbon sink gain**: The average annual carbon sequestration of the organic fertilizer-legume rotation system reaches 1.2 tons/ha, which meets international sustainable agricultural standards.
NO.6 Conclusions and recommendations
Through the integration of organic fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers and microbial agents, this program realizes the synergistic optimization of “nutrient-disease resistance-soil health” in soybean production.It is recommended to give priority to the combination of **anti-stubble bacteria + potassium humate** to deal with continuous cropping obstacles, and to promote rhizobia inoculation technology to reduce nitrogen fertilizer dependence.Fertilizer factories can develop **Special slow-release fertilizer for soybeans** (N-POO₅-KOO=10-25-15+Mo+Zn) in a targeted manner to meet the needs of different ecological areas.
**Note**: This plan needs to be dynamically adjusted in combination with soil testing (pH, Olsen-P/K). Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are preferred for acidic soils, and humic acid improvers are recommended for saline and alkaline soils.
Comparative data from the test field showed that after the application of balanced compound fertilizer (N-POO₅-KOO=18-18-18), the height of soybean plants increased by 23%, the leaf area index reached 4.8, and the photosynthetic efficiency of unfrozen fields increased by 37%.
The production measurement during the harvest period showed that the number of pods per plant in the fertilization group reached 45, and the weight of 100 grains increased by 12 grams compared with the control group. The yield per acre exceeded 280 kg, and the yield increase rate reached 32%.
Laboratory tests showed that the protein content of fertilized soybeans reached 42.3% (an increase of 5.1%), the fat content was 19.8%, the endosperm cells were densely arranged, and the starch particle conversion rate exceeded 90%.